CLINICAL RESEARCH
Trends in admissions for COVID-19 in the United States between April 2020 and December 2021 and cardiovascular events
1
Independent Researcher, Triolet, Mauritius
2
Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Riverside, US
3
Independent Researcher, Hyderabad, India
4
Department of Internal Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, India
5
Department of Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center Sinai Grace -Wayne State University, Michigan, USA
6
One Brooklyn Health System/Interfaith Medical Ctr Program, Brooklyn, NY, US
7
Royal Brompton Hospital, part of Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
8
Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, US
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-02-26
Acceptance date: 2024-02-27
Publication date: 2024-03-30
Corresponding author
Kamleshun Ramphul
Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital, affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital, affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2024;9(1):60-65
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to cardiovascular complications. We aimed to understand the trends in admission for COVID-19 and the incidence of various cardiovascular events.
Material and methods:
The 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was studied for cases of COVID-19 between April 2020 and December 2021 in the United States. Linear-by-linear association helped us understand the trends of various events.
Results:
The number of cases of COVID-19 was highest in January 2021 (261,469 patients). The incidence of acute pulmonary embolism rose from 2.08% in April 2020 to 4.82% in November 2021, while deep vein thrombosis cases rose from 1.74% in April 2020 to 2.63% in December 2021. The incidence of cardiac arrest varied, with a maximum of 3.00% in August 2021. Similarly, acute ischemic stroke cases experienced their highest incidence in January 2021 (0.91%). The incidence of myocarditis was highest in April and May 2020 (0.42% each). Peak takotsubo cases were seen between October and December 2021. The highest overall all-cause mortality among COVID-19 cases was seen in April 2020 (16.74%).
Conclusions:
Throughout the 21 months of our analysis, various trends in COVID-19 cases and incidence of cardiac events were noticed. This could relate to the different variants of COVID-19, their direct and indirect impact on coagulation pathways and the myocardial tissues, and the protective roles of the vaccines.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to cardiovascular complications. We aimed to understand the trends in admission for COVID-19 and the incidence of various cardiovascular events.
Material and methods:
The 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was studied for cases of COVID-19 between April 2020 and December 2021 in the United States. Linear-by-linear association helped us understand the trends of various events.
Results:
The number of cases of COVID-19 was highest in January 2021 (261,469 patients). The incidence of acute pulmonary embolism rose from 2.08% in April 2020 to 4.82% in November 2021, while deep vein thrombosis cases rose from 1.74% in April 2020 to 2.63% in December 2021. The incidence of cardiac arrest varied, with a maximum of 3.00% in August 2021. Similarly, acute ischemic stroke cases experienced their highest incidence in January 2021 (0.91%). The incidence of myocarditis was highest in April and May 2020 (0.42% each). Peak takotsubo cases were seen between October and December 2021. The highest overall all-cause mortality among COVID-19 cases was seen in April 2020 (16.74%).
Conclusions:
Throughout the 21 months of our analysis, various trends in COVID-19 cases and incidence of cardiac events were noticed. This could relate to the different variants of COVID-19, their direct and indirect impact on coagulation pathways and the myocardial tissues, and the protective roles of the vaccines.
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